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Hoffman Island is one of two small artificial islands in the Lower New York Bay, off South Beach, Staten Island.〔 A smaller island, known as Swinburne Island, lies immediately to the south.〔 Created from Orchard Shoals by the addition of landfill in 1872 and named for former New York City mayor (1866–1868), and then-current New York Governor (1869–1871) John Thompson Hoffman, Hoffman Island covers 11 acres (4.45 hectares), while Swinburne Island's area is about 4 acres (16,000 m²).〔Kenneth T. Jackson: The Encyclopedia of New York City: The New York Historical Society; Yale University Press; 1995. P. 149.〕〔John T. Hoffman was born on January 10, 1828 and he died on March 24, 1888〕 The latter island, also of artificial origin, was originally called Dix Island, but was renamed in honor of Dr. John Swinburne, a noted military surgeon during the Civil War. In the early 1900s, the islands were used as a quarantine station, housing immigrants found to have been carrying contagious diseases when they landed at Ellis Island. ==World War II== At the start of World War II the United States Merchant Marine used both islands as a training station (which opened in 1938);〔〔("The Ship That Never Sails." ) ''Popular Mechanics,'' February 1942, pp.66-69/164.〕 the Quonset huts built during this period still stand on Swinburne Island. The other major use for the two islands during World War II were as anchorages for Antisubmarine Nets that fenced off New York Bay from the Atlantic Ocean to keep enemy submarines out.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hoffman Island」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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